Bilong Wanem Sampela Nuklia Pawa Plent i no gat ol 'cooling tower'?

 

 

 

I.Rot bilong mekim kol i makim olsem ol i mas wokim ol taua bilong mekim kol

 

Bikpela samting bilong mekim wanpela nuklia pawa plent i kol em long rausim ol pipia hat bilong 'exhaust steam' long ol 'steam turbine'. Ol sistem bilong mekim kol i stap long tripela kain:wanpela taim-long taim bilong kol, klos - lup risaikulating kol, nakol bilong win. Ol i save yusim ol 'cooling tower' tasol long ol 'closed-loop recirculating cooling systems'.

 

 

 

2.Klosed-lup risaikulating kol (ol kol taua i mas stap)

 

Ol nuklia pawa plent insait long kantri, we i no gat planti wara, ol i adoptimwara i raun + kol tauamode. Wara i save raun i save kisim hat insait long ol 'condenser' na bihain ol i save pamim i go long ol 'cooling tower' bilong rausim hat na daunim temperaja long rot bilong 'evaporation', pastaim long em i ron i go bek long yusim gen, na long dispela rot wara i no ken lus nating. Ol nuklia pawa projek insait long kantri (olsem sampela nuklia pawa plent insait long Yurop na Amerika) i mas gat ol 'cooling tower' olsem wanpela standet konfigurasen.

 

3.Air cooling system (no nidim ol tradisenel 'cooling tower')

 

Sampela pawa stesin long ol ples we i drai i save yusim 'direct' o 'indirect' 'air cooling', we ol i save rausim hat long rot bilong 'direct' o 'indirect' kontek namel long win na ol masin bilong senisim hat. Dispela rot i no gat lus bilong 'evaporation' na i no nidim ol 'cooling tower', tasol em i gat liklik 'heat exchange efficiency' na i nidim bikpela hap bilong 'heat exchange' na bikpela pawa bilong fan.

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II. Bikpela samting we i kamap long ples na wara

 

Gutpela samting bilong ol ples klostu long nambis/wara-

 

Planti wara bilong solwara na wara bilong wara inap long inapim ol wara bilong kisim na rausim wara long taim bilong kol, na dispela i pinisim nid bilong wokim ol taua bilong mekim kol. Nau yet, olgeta nuklia pawa plent long Saina i stap arere long nambis, olsem na ol i no save putim ol 'cooling tower'.

 

Ol hevi bilong ol hap we i no gat planti wara insait long kantri

 

Ol rijen insait long kantri i bungim sotpela wara saplai. Wanpela taim-long kol em i tambu long envairomen proteksen regulesen na wara volium limitesen, na dispela i mekim klos-loop risirkulating kol em i wanpela samting ol i mas mekim, na ol kol taua i kamap olsem wanpela standet komponen. Olsem, ol nuklia pawa plent insait long kantri insait long Amerika na Frans olgeta i gat ol bikpela 'hyperboloid cooling tower'.

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III. Ol kain kain 'reactor' na 'coolants'

 

Ol disain bilong ol 'cooling system' i save senis long ol narapela narapela kain 'reactor', na sampela kain 'reactor' i no nidim ol 'cooling tower' bilong bipo.

 

Kain Reactor	Kolsan	Ol pasin bilong mekim kol	Samting yu mas i gat long 'cooling tower'
Presura Wara Riakta (PWR)	Wara i gat bikpela presa	Ol praimeri na sekenderi lup i stap narapela narapela; namba tu 'loop' i nidim kol bilong 'exhaust steam'	I no nid long ol diwai long nambis we i yusim wanpela taim- long taim bilong kol; ol i nidim long ol diwai insait long kantri we i yusim 'closed-loop cooling'
Boil Wara Reactor (BWR)	Wara	Dispela kolsan i save boilim stret na kamapim stim; 'exhaust steam' i mas kamap kondens	I no nid long ol diwai long nambis we i yusim wanpela taim- long taim bilong kol; ol i nidim long ol diwai insait long kantri we i yusim 'closed-loop cooling'
Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor	Liquid sodium	Liquid metal i save givim gutpela 'heat exchange efficiency'; nogat nid long mekim kol long 'evaporative'	Planti taim ol i no nidim ol 'cooling tower'
Hai-Tempereja Ges-Kol Reakta	Helium	Ges i kol wantaim hat disipesen long rot bilong ol hat eksenja	Nogat ol tradisenel 'cooling tower' i nidim
Thorium-Molten Salt Reactor	Sol we i melt	Sol we i melt i mekim i kol; sistem disain i no nidim wara long rausim hat	Nogat ol tradisenel 'cooling tower' i nidim

 

 

 

 

IV.Trade-off namel long lukautim envairomen na ol samting bilong ikonomik

 

1.Bihainim lo bilong envairomen

Taim ol i mekim kol i mas inapim ol standet bilong envairomen long sait bilong tempereja bilong wara na polusen bilong hat. Ol eria klostu long nambis i gat bikpela wara bodi kapasiti, na dispela i mekim isi long inapim ol 'compliance requirements'. Inland klos-lup risaikulating kol i save bosim hat i go aut long ol kol taua long bihainim ol lo bilong envairomen.

 

 

2.Ekonomiks

Wanpela taim-through cooling i gat liklik mani bilong wokim haus na ol operesenel ekspens tasol em i gat hevi long wara. 'Closed-loop recirculating cooling i nidim wok bilong wokim ol 'cooling towers', we i nidim bikpela mani tasol em i gutpela long ol hap we wara i sot long en. Ol sistem bilong mekim win i kol i no save sevim wara tasol ol i save yusim bikpela pawa bilong fan, na dispela i save mekim wok i go antap longpela taim.

                                                

Ol spesel senario na disain optimaisesen

 

Ol nuklia pawa instolesen (ol sip/sabmarin)

Bikos i no gat planti spes, ol i yusim ol liklik sistem bilong mekim kol (olsem, solwara wanpela taim-long rot bilong kol wantaim ol hai-efisiensi hat eksena) na ol i no putim ol kol taua.

 

2.Smol Modula Riakta (SMR)

Sampela disain i save yusim 'integrated cooling' o 'air cooling', na dispela i mekim sistem i kamap isi na i no gat nid long ol bikpela 'cooling tower'.

 

Long pinisim, sapos wanpela nuklia pawa plent i gat ol 'cooling tower' em i wanpela bikpela disisen we i kamap long ol rot bilong mekim kol, ples, disain bilong 'reactor', na ol samting bilong mani. Ol 'coastal once-through cooling systems, ol spesel reactor kain (olsem, sodium-cooled fast reactors, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors), na ol air cooling systems i no nidim ol tradisenel cooling towers, na ol inland klosed-recirculating reactors systems i mas i gat ol koling sistem ol taua. Wantaim wok bilong skruim nuklia pawa i go long ol ples insait long kantri na wara-sot, wok bilong ol 'cooling tower' bai kamap bikpela moa. Long wankain taim, ol 'air cooling' teknoloji na ol nupela kain 'reactor' i wok long kirapim wok bilong kamapim ol 'cooling system'.